Classic family · Pro
Classic CAS quick reference
Classic CAS is a computer-algebra calculator. It keeps exact answers such as fractions and roots, can solve, factor, expand, differentiate and integrate symbolically, and also draws graphs. You work on a calculator page with a history of lines and a separate graphs page.
Main screen: Press home to open the Home menu (Calculator, Graphs, Settings, and more). Choose Calculator, or press esc to go back to the calculation page. · Shift layer: ctrl · Second layer: shift
Keys
esc
- esc
- Goes back or cancels a menu.
tab
- tab
- Moves to the next field; on the graphs page it draws the graph.
home
- home
- Opens the Home menu to choose a page or settings.
doc
- doc
- Opens the graphs page.
menu
- menu
- Opens the Menu of tools for the current page.
ctrl
- ctrl
- Next key uses its second function.
shift
- shift
- Next key uses its shift legend (braces on bracket keys).
var
- var
- Lists stored variables.
- ctrlsto→
- Stores a value in a variable (arrow).
del
- del
- Deletes the character before the cursor.
- ctrlclear
- Clears the whole entry line.
◀
- ◀
- Moves the cursor left.
▲
- ▲
- Moves up, or scrolls back through history.
catalog
- catalog
- Opens the catalog of all functions.
- ctrl∞β°
- Same as the catalog.
templates
- templates
- Opens math templates: fraction, root, power and more.
- ctrlsymbols
- Opens the symbols list.
trig
- trig
- Opens a menu of trig functions.
=
- =
- Types the equals sign.
- ctrl≠≥▸
- Opens relations (not equal, less than, and more).
▼
- ▼
- Moves down, or scrolls forward in history.
▶
- ▶
- Moves the cursor right.
^
- ^
- Raises to a power.
- ctrlⁿ√
- Builds an nth root template.
x²
- x²
- Squares the previous value.
- ctrl√
- Builds a square root.
ln
- ln
- Natural logarithm (base e).
- ctrleˣ
- e to a power.
log
- log
- Base-10 logarithm.
- ctrl10ˣ
- Ten to a power.
π
- π
- Types the constant π.
- ctrl𝑖
- Types the imaginary unit i.
/
- /
- Builds a fraction template.
sin
- sin
- Sine of an angle.
- ctrlsin⁻¹
- Inverse sine.
cos
- cos
- Cosine of an angle.
- ctrlcos⁻¹
- Inverse cosine.
tan
- tan
- Tangent of an angle.
- ctrltan⁻¹
- Inverse tangent.
(
- (
- Opens a bracket.
- ctrl[
- Types a square bracket for matrices.
- shift{
- Types a left curly brace for lists.
)
- )
- Closes a bracket.
- ctrl]
- Types a square bracket for matrices.
- shift}
- Types a right curly brace for lists.
,
- ,
- Separates items.
- ctrl;
- Types a semicolon.
x
- x
- Types the variable x.
- ctrl!
- Factorial.
7
- 7
- Types 7.
8
- 8
- Types 8.
9
- 9
- Types 9.
÷
- ÷
- Divides.
- ctrl|
- Types the with bar: a condition after a value.
EE
- EE
- Times a power of ten.
4
- 4
- Types 4.
5
- 5
- Types 5.
6
- 6
- Types 6.
×
- ×
- Multiplies.
:=
- :=
- Defines a variable with the := sign.
- ctrl→
- Stores a value with an arrow.
1
- 1
- Types 1.
2
- 2
- Types 2.
3
- 3
- Types 3.
−
- −
- Subtracts. Use (−) for a negative number.
0
- 0
- Types 0.
.
- .
- Decimal point.
- ctrl°
- Types the degree sign.
(−)
- (−)
- Negative sign for a number.
- ctrlans
- Types ans, the last answer.
+
- +
- Adds.
enter
- enter
- Evaluates the line and shows the exact answer.
- ctrl≈
- Evaluates and shows a decimal answer.
a
- a
- Types the letter a (a variable name).
b
- b
- Types the letter b (a variable name).
c
- c
- Types the letter c (a variable name).
d
- d
- Types the letter d (a variable name).
e
- e
- Types the letter e (a variable name).
f
- f
- Types the letter f (a variable name).
g
- g
- Types the letter g (a variable name).
h
- h
- Types the letter h (a variable name).
i
- i
- Types the letter i (a variable name).
j
- j
- Types the letter j (a variable name).
k
- k
- Types the letter k (a variable name).
l
- l
- Types the letter l (a variable name).
m
- m
- Types the letter m (a variable name).
n
- n
- Types the letter n (a variable name).
o
- o
- Types the letter o (a variable name).
p
- p
- Types the letter p (a variable name).
q
- q
- Types the letter q (a variable name).
r
- r
- Types the letter r (a variable name).
s
- s
- Types the letter s (a variable name).
t
- t
- Types the letter t (a variable name).
u
- u
- Types the letter u (a variable name).
v
- v
- Types the letter v (a variable name).
w
- w
- Types the letter w (a variable name).
x
- x
- Types the letter x (a variable name).
y
- y
- Types the letter y (a variable name).
z
- z
- Types the letter z (a variable name).
θ
- θ
- Types the angle symbol θ.
∞
- ∞
- Types the infinity symbol.
␣
- ␣
- Types a space.
Menus and screens
- Home
- Pick Calculator or Graphs, open Settings, clear history, clear all variables a to z, or reset.
- Menu
- Grouped tools: Actions, Number, Algebra, Calculus, Probability, Statistics, Matrix and Vector, and Complex.
- Actions
- Define, delete a variable, := assign, store, the with bar, and clear history.
- Number
- approx, exact, factor, propFrac, gcd, lcm, mod and similar.
- Algebra
- solve, factor, expand, zeros, and the complex versions cSolve, cFactor, cZeros.
- Calculus
- Derivative, integral, definite integral, limit, sum, product and taylor.
- Probability and Statistics
- Factorial, nCr, nPr, random numbers, normal distribution, mean, median, standard deviation, variance.
- Matrix and Vector
- Build matrices, determinant, rref, ref, identity, transpose, dot product.
- Templates
- Pick-from-list shapes: fraction, power, square root, nth root, e power, log with base, absolute value and calculus templates.
- Symbols
- ctrl then templates: infinity, theta, degree sign, factorial, and comparison signs.
- Catalog
- All functions in alphabetical order. Press enter to paste one.
- Relations
- ctrl then = opens equals, not equal, less than, greater than, and similar signs.
- Graphs page
- doc opens graphs: enter f1(x) to f7(x), press enter or tab to plot. menu there gives window settings, zoom, trace and analyze tools.
- Settings
- Calculation mode (Auto, Exact, Approximate), angle unit, display digits and real or complex.
- Variables
- var lists the variables you have stored.
Modes and settings
- Calculation mode
- Auto keeps exact answers; Approximate gives decimals. ctrl enter gives one decimal answer.
- Angle
- Radian, Degree or Gradian for trig functions.
- Display digits
- Float shows needed digits; Fix keeps a set number of decimals.
- Real or complex
- Real or rectangular complex results.
Tips
- Answers stay exact (fractions, roots). Press ctrl then enter to get a decimal.
- Use var names with := to define things, e.g. 5 := a. Letters are variables, not multiplication signs.
- Use the menu, not typing, to find solve, factor and expand.
- Check Radian or Degree in Settings before trig problems.
- Use (−) for negative numbers and − for subtraction.
- Press esc to cancel a menu. Press home to move between pages.
Guides for this calculator
- Find a square rootGet the square root of a number, exactly or as a decimal.
- Cube roots and other rootsFind any root of a number, such as the cube root of 27.
- Reuse the last answerCarry the previous result into your next calculation without retyping it.
- Store a number in a variableSave a value under a letter so you can use it again in later calculations.
- Evaluate an expression for a value of xFind the value of 3x² − 2x + 1 when x is 4.
- Solve a linear equationFind x in an equation like 3x + 5 = 20.
- Solve a quadratic equationFind the roots of x² − 5x + 6 = 0 with a polynomial solver or the quadratic formula.
- Solve a system of two equationsFind x and y when 2x + y = 5 and x − y = 1.
- Solve a system of three equationsFind x, y and z for three linked equations.
- Greatest common divisor and least common multipleFind the largest number that divides two numbers (GCD) and the smallest number both divide (LCM).
- Break a number into prime factorsWrite 84 as a product of primes: 2 × 2 × 3 × 7.
- Use the Pythagorean theoremFind the long side (hypotenuse) of a right triangle from the two shorter sides.
- Find the slope of a lineWork out rise over run between two points, such as (2, 1) and (6, 4).
- Area of a circleUse A = πr² to find the area of a circle with radius 5.
- Area of a triangleFind a triangle area from base and height, or from three side lengths with Heron's formula.
- Set degrees or radiansTell the calculator whether angles are measured in degrees or radians before you use sin, cos or tan.
- Find sine, cosine and tangentGet sin, cos or tan of an angle, here sin 50, cos 50 and tan 50 in degrees.
- Find an angle from a ratioUse the inverse trig functions (sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, tan⁻¹) to turn a ratio back into an angle.
- Convert between degrees and radiansChange an angle from degrees to radians and back with the calculator.
- Solve a right triangleFind a missing side from the hypotenuse and an angle, and a missing angle from two sides.
- Use the law of sinesFind a side of any triangle when you know the opposite angle of another side and its length.
- Use the law of cosinesFind the third side of a triangle when you know two sides and the angle between them.
- Graph a sine wavePlot y = sin(x) in a trig-friendly window and find its peak at x = π ÷ 2.
- Secant, cosecant and cotangentGet sec, csc and cot by taking the reciprocal of cos, sin and tan.
- Convert between polar and rectangularTurn a point (x, y) into a distance r and an angle θ.
- Check unit circle valuesFind the exact values of sin, cos and tan at 30, 45 and 60 degrees.
- Graph a functionType an equation such as y = x² − 4 and draw its graph, then check a point on it.
- Set the graph windowChoose the x and y ranges that the graph screen shows.
- Zoom in and out of a graphUse the zoom tools to magnify a graph or bring back a standard view.
- Trace a graphMove a cursor along a curve to read its x and y values, or jump straight to a chosen x.
- Find where two graphs meetFind the point where two curves cross, such as y = x² and y = x + 2.
- Find the zeros (roots) of a graphFind where a curve crosses the x-axis. The example is y = x² − 4, with zeros at x = -2 and x = 2.
- Find a maximum or minimumFind the lowest or highest point of a curve, such as the vertex of y = x² − 2x.
- Work with logarithmsFind log base 10 of a number and undo it with 10 to a power.
- Natural logs and the number eUse ln and eˣ, the natural log and its inverse, based on e ≈ 2.71828.
- Logarithm with any baseFind a log such as log base 2 of 20 by dividing two natural logs.
- Exponential growthFind what a quantity grows to at a fixed percentage rate, and how long it takes to double.
- Complex numbersMultiply complex numbers like (3 + 4i)(1 − 2i) and find a size (modulus) such as |3 + 4i|.
- Enter and multiply matricesStore the matrix [[1, 2], [3, 4]] and multiply it by itself.
- Matrix determinant and inverseFind the determinant and inverse of [[1, 2], [3, 4]].
- Sum a sequence or seriesAdd up the first terms of a sequence, such as 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 19, which comes to 100.
- Graph parametric equationsDraw a curve from x(t) and y(t), such as a circle from cos t and sin t.
- Graph polar equationsDraw curves given as r in terms of θ, such as the three-petal rose r = 2 sin(3θ).
- Shade the area under a graphDraw a curve and let the graph tools find and shade the area between it and the x-axis.
- Differentiate with a formula answerGet the derivative as an expression in x, not just a number at one point.
- Integrate with a formula answerFind an antiderivative as an expression, or a definite integral as an exact value.
- Find a limitSee what value a function approaches as x gets close to a number, exactly or by testing nearby values.
- Find the equation of a tangent lineUse the derivative to get the slope at a point, then build the line y = m(x − a) + f(a).
- Add up a series (sigma notation)Find the sum of an expression as the counter runs from a start to an end value.
- Factor and expand expressionsTurn x² − 5x + 6 into (x − 2)(x − 3), or multiply brackets out, using the algebra commands.
- Solve an equation exactlyGet exact answers, like x = 2 or x = 3, instead of decimals, using symbolic solve.
- Enter data into a listType a set of numbers into a list so you can summarise, plot or fit them.
- Find the mean, median and modeWork out the average (mean), the middle value (median) and the most common value (mode) of a list.
- Find the standard deviationMeasure how spread out a list is, using the sample or the population formula.
- Find a probability on a normal curveWork out the chance that a normally distributed value lands between two numbers.
- Find the value for a given percentileGo backwards from an area on the normal curve to the number that cuts it off.
- Binomial probabilitiesFind the chance of getting exactly a certain number of successes in a fixed number of tries.
- Poisson probabilitiesFind the chance of a certain number of events in a fixed time or space, given their average rate.
- Generate random numbersGet a random decimal between 0 and 1, or a random whole number in a range such as a dice roll.
- Count arrangements and selections (nPr and nCr)Count how many ways to arrange or choose items from a group.
- Calculate a factorialMultiply a whole number by every whole number below it, such as 6! = 720.
- Define your own functionName a formula once with Define, then call it with any value.