Classic family
Classic Graphing 84 quick reference
Classic Graphing 84 is a full graphing calculator. You type expressions on the home screen, plot functions with Y=, explore them with TRACE and CALC, and keep data in lists and matrices. Menus are numbered, so you can press a number or move down and press enter.
Main screen: Press 2nd then mode (QUIT) to get back to the home screen. Pressing clear on a menu also backs out of it. · Shift layer: 2nd · Second layer: alpha
Keys
y=
- y=
- Opens the Y= function editor.
- 2ndSTAT PLOT
- Opens the statistics plot setup.
- alphaF1
- F1 shortcut. Not used on this machine.
window
- window
- Opens the WINDOW screen to set the graph view.
- 2ndTBLSET
- Opens table setup (start, step, auto or ask).
- alphaF2
- F2 shortcut. Not used on this machine.
zoom
- zoom
- Opens the ZOOM menu of quick graph views.
- 2ndFORMAT
- Opens graph format settings (grid, axes, labels).
- alphaF3
- F3 shortcut. Not used on this machine.
trace
- trace
- Moves a cursor along the graph and shows its coordinates.
- 2ndCALC
- Opens CALCULATE: value, zero, min, max, intersect, dy/dx, integral.
- alphaF4
- F4 shortcut. Not used on this machine.
graph
- graph
- Draws the graph.
- 2ndTABLE
- Shows the table of X and Y values.
- alphaF5
- F5 shortcut. Not used on this machine.
2nd
- 2nd
- Next key uses the blue legend above it.
mode
- mode
- Opens the MODE settings screen.
- 2ndQUIT
- QUIT: leaves the current screen and returns home.
del
- del
- Deletes the character or item at the cursor.
- 2ndINS
- Turns insert mode on or off while typing.
◀
- ◀
- Moves the cursor left.
▲
- ▲
- Moves the cursor up, or scrolls back through earlier lines.
alpha
- alpha
- Next key types the green letter above it.
- 2ndA-LOCK
- Alpha lock: keep typing letters until you press alpha again.
X,T,θ,n
- X,T,θ,n
- Types X (or T, θ, n in other graph modes).
- 2ndLINK
- LINK. Not available yet.
stat
- stat
- Opens the STAT menu: edit lists, statistics, tests.
- 2ndLIST
- Opens the LIST menu (names, operations, math).
▼
- ▼
- Moves the cursor down, or scrolls forward through lines.
▶
- ▶
- Moves the cursor right.
math
- math
- Opens the MATH menu: fractions, roots, NUM, complex, probability.
- 2ndTEST
- Opens TEST: comparison signs and logic words.
- alphaA
- Types the letter A (store/recall variable A).
apps
- apps
- Opens the applications list.
- 2ndANGLE
- Opens ANGLE: degree marks, DMS and polar conversions.
- alphaB
- Types the letter B (store/recall variable B).
prgm
- prgm
- Program menu. On the home screen: EXEC (run), EDIT and NEW (create). In the program editor: CTL commands (If, For, While, Menu…), I/O commands (Input, Prompt, Disp, getKey…) and EXEC to call another program.
- 2ndDRAW
- Opens DRAW: ClrDraw, Line, Circle, Text, shading and points on the graph screen.
- alphaC
- Types the letter C (store/recall variable C).
vars
- vars
- Opens VARS: paste window, statistics and Y-VARS names.
- 2ndDISTR
- Opens DISTR: probability distribution functions.
clear
- clear
- Clears the entry line, or backs out of a screen.
x⁻¹
- x⁻¹
- Reciprocal: raises the previous value to the power −1.
- 2ndMATRIX
- Opens the MATRIX menu.
- alphaD
- Types the letter D (store/recall variable D).
sin
- sin
- Sine of an angle.
- 2ndsin⁻¹
- Inverse sine (angle from a ratio).
- alphaE
- Types the letter E (store/recall variable E).
cos
- cos
- Cosine of an angle.
- 2ndcos⁻¹
- Inverse cosine (angle from a ratio).
- alphaF
- Types the letter F (store/recall variable F).
tan
- tan
- Tangent of an angle.
- 2ndtan⁻¹
- Inverse tangent (angle from a ratio).
- alphaG
- Types the letter G (store/recall variable G).
^
- ^
- Raises to a power. Type the exponent after it.
- 2ndπ
- Types the constant π.
- alphaH
- Types the letter H (store/recall variable H).
x²
- x²
- Squares the previous value.
- 2nd√
- Square root.
- alphaI
- Types the letter I (store/recall variable I).
,
- ,
- Separates items, like the two numbers in a function.
- 2ndEE
- Types the scientific-notation E (times a power of ten).
- alphaJ
- Types the letter J (store/recall variable J).
(
- (
- Opens a bracket.
- 2nd{
- Types a left curly brace for lists.
- alphaK
- Types the letter K (store/recall variable K).
)
- )
- Closes a bracket.
- 2nd}
- Types a right curly brace for lists.
- alphaL
- Types the letter L (store/recall variable L).
÷
- ÷
- Divides.
- 2nde
- Types the constant e.
- alphaM
- Types the letter M (store/recall variable M).
log
- log
- Base-10 logarithm.
- 2nd10ˣ
- Ten to a power (inverse of log).
- alphaN
- Types the letter N (store/recall variable N).
7
- 7
- Types 7.
- 2ndu
- Types the list-name letter u.
- alphaO
- Types the letter O (store/recall variable O).
8
- 8
- Types 8.
- 2ndv
- Types the list-name letter v.
- alphaP
- Types the letter P (store/recall variable P).
9
- 9
- Types 9.
- 2ndw
- Types the list-name letter w.
- alphaQ
- Types the letter Q (store/recall variable Q).
×
- ×
- Multiplies.
- 2nd[
- Types a left square bracket for matrices.
- alphaR
- Types the letter R (store/recall variable R).
ln
- ln
- Natural logarithm (base e).
- 2ndeˣ
- e to a power (inverse of ln).
- alphaS
- Types the letter S (store/recall variable S).
4
- 4
- Types 4.
- 2ndL4
- Types list L4.
- alphaT
- Types the letter T (store/recall variable T).
5
- 5
- Types 5.
- 2ndL5
- Types list L5.
- alphaU
- Types the letter U (store/recall variable U).
6
- 6
- Types 6.
- 2ndL6
- Types list L6.
- alphaV
- Types the letter V (store/recall variable V).
−
- −
- Subtracts. Use (−) for a negative number.
- 2nd]
- Types a right square bracket for matrices.
- alphaW
- Types the letter W (store/recall variable W).
sto→
- sto→
- Stores a value into a variable (the arrow).
- 2ndRCL
- Recalls a variable or list into the entry line.
- alphaX
- Types the letter X (store/recall variable X).
1
- 1
- Types 1.
- 2ndL1
- Types list L1.
- alphaY
- Types the letter Y (store/recall variable Y).
2
- 2
- Types 2.
- 2ndL2
- Types list L2.
- alphaZ
- Types the letter Z (store/recall variable Z).
3
- 3
- Types 3.
- 2ndL3
- Types list L3.
- alphaθ
- Types the angle letter θ.
+
- +
- Adds.
- 2ndMEM
- Opens the MEMORY menu: about, clear entries, reset.
- alpha"
- Types a double quote mark.
on
- on
- Wakes the calculator. Always on in this app.
- 2ndOFF
- OFF. Not available yet.
0
- 0
- Types 0.
- 2ndCATALOG
- Opens the CATALOG of all functions and commands.
- alpha␣
- Types a space.
.
- .
- Decimal point.
- 2ndi
- Types the imaginary unit i.
- alpha:
- Types a colon.
(−)
- (−)
- Negative sign for a number. Not the same as subtract.
- 2ndANS
- Types ANS, the last answer.
- alpha?
- Types a question mark.
enter
- enter
- Evaluates the line, or picks a menu item.
- 2ndENTRY
- ENTRY: brings back the previous line to edit.
- alphaSOLVE
- SOLVE: opens the equation solver.
Menus and screens
- MATH
- MATH: Frac, Dec, cube, cube root, x-th root, fMin and fMax. NUM: abs, round, iPart, fPart, int, min, max. CMPLX: conj, real, imag, angle, abs, Rect, Polar. PROB: random numbers, nPr, nCr, factorial. FRAC: n/d and Frac/Dec switch.
- Y= editor
- Seven function slots Y1 to Y7. Type a rule in terms of X, and turn a slot on or off at its equals sign. Plot1 to Plot3 switch statistics plots.
- WINDOW
- Sets the viewing rectangle: Xmin, Xmax, Xscl, Ymin, Ymax, Yscl and Xres. Change it when your graph is off screen.
- ZOOM
- Quick views: ZBox, Zoom In, Zoom Out, ZDecimal, ZSquare, ZStandard, ZTrig and more. The MEMORY tab saves and recalls windows.
- TRACE and CALCULATE
- TRACE walks along a graph. 2nd trace opens CALCULATE: value, zero, minimum, maximum, intersect, dy/dx and the integral.
- TABLE and TBLSET
- 2nd graph shows a table of X and Y values. 2nd window sets the start, step and Auto/Ask modes.
- FORMAT
- 2nd zoom sets graph looks: grid, axes, coordinates, labels and expression display.
- STAT
- EDIT opens the list editor and has sort and clear tools. CALC has one- and two-variable stats and regressions. TESTS has hypothesis tests and intervals.
- STAT PLOT
- 2nd y= turns on Plot1 to Plot3 and picks the plot type and which lists to use.
- LIST
- 2nd stat: NAMES (L1 to L6), OPS (sort, dim, seq, cumSum) and MATH (min, max, mean, median, sum, stdDev).
- MATRIX
- 2nd x⁻¹: NAMES to pick a matrix, MATH (det, transpose, identity, augment and more) and EDIT to fill in a matrix.
- DISTR
- 2nd vars: probability tools such as normalpdf, normalcdf, invNorm, tpdf, tcdf and more. DRAW shades areas under curves.
- TEST and LOGIC
- 2nd math: comparison signs (=, ≠, <, >, ≤, ≥) and logic words and, or, xor, not.
- ANGLE
- 2nd apps: degree, minute and radian marks, convert to DMS, and rectangular/polar conversions.
- VARS
- Pastes window, zoom, statistics and table variables, and the Y-VARS function names.
- MODE
- Normal/Sci/Eng, Float or fixed decimals, Radian or Degree, Func/Par/Pol graphing, connected or dot, real or complex, fraction type and answer style.
- MEMORY
- 2nd + opens About, Clear Entries, ClrAllLists and Reset.
- CATALOG
- 2nd 0 lists every function and command in alphabetical order. Press enter to paste one.
- EQUATION SOLVER
- alpha enter (SOLVE) opens the numeric solver. Enter an equation equal to 0, give a guess, then solve.
- Program menu
- PRGM on the home screen: EXEC runs a program, EDIT opens one in the editor, NEW creates one (name up to 8 characters). Inside the editor PRGM opens the command menus instead: CTL (If, Then, Else, For, While, Repeat, End, Lbl, Goto, Menu, Stop), I/O (Input, Prompt, Disp, Output, getKey, ClrHome) and EXEC (call another program). ON stops a running program.
Modes and settings
- Angle
- Radian or Degree. Trig answers depend on it, so check it first.
- Display format
- Normal, Sci or Eng for big and small numbers.
- Decimals
- Float shows as many digits as needed. 0 to 9 fixes the number of decimals.
- Graph type
- Func graphs y of x. Par and Pol are for parametric and polar graphs.
- Connected or Dot
- Draw a graph as a joined line or as separate dots.
- Real or complex
- Real, a+bi or re^θi. Real mode gives an error for roots of negative numbers.
- Fraction type and Answers
- n/d or mixed Un/d, and Auto, Dec or Frac answers.
Tips
- If a graph is blank, check WINDOW first, then make sure the Y= slot is switched on.
- Use (−) for negative numbers and − for subtraction. Mixing them gives a syntax error.
- Press 2nd then enter (ENTRY) to bring back your last line and edit it.
- 2nd then (−) (ANS) inserts the last answer. A new line starting with an operator uses it automatically.
- Trig answers look wrong? Check Radian versus Degree in MODE.
- Press 2nd then mode (QUIT) to leave any screen and return home.
Guides for this calculator
- Do basic arithmeticAdd, subtract, multiply and divide, and see how each calculator family shows the answer.
- Use brackets to control the orderGroup part of a calculation with brackets so it is worked out first.
- Enter and calculate with negative numbersUse the negative-sign key (not the subtract key) so a number really becomes negative.
- Work with fractionsAdd, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and get an exact fraction back.
- Convert between fractions and decimalsTurn 0.75 into 3/4, or 3/8 into 0.375.
- Powers and exponentsSquare a number or raise it to any power such as 2 to the 10th.
- Find a square rootGet the square root of a number, exactly or as a decimal.
- Cube roots and other rootsFind any root of a number, such as the cube root of 27.
- Find a percentage of a numberWork out 15% of 200 with the percent key or by dividing by 100.
- Reuse the last answerCarry the previous result into your next calculation without retyping it.
- Store a number in a variableSave a value under a letter so you can use it again in later calculations.
- Evaluate an expression for a value of xFind the value of 3x² − 2x + 1 when x is 4.
- Solve a linear equationFind x in an equation like 3x + 5 = 20.
- Solve a quadratic equationFind the roots of x² − 5x + 6 = 0 with a polynomial solver or the quadratic formula.
- Solve a system of two equationsFind x and y when 2x + y = 5 and x − y = 1.
- Solve a system of three equationsFind x, y and z for three linked equations.
- Absolute valueFind how far a number is from zero, ignoring its sign.
- Round answers to a set number of decimalsChange the display so every answer shows, say, 2 decimal places.
- Greatest common divisor and least common multipleFind the largest number that divides two numbers (GCD) and the smallest number both divide (LCM).
- Break a number into prime factorsWrite 84 as a product of primes: 2 × 2 × 3 × 7.
- Use the Pythagorean theoremFind the long side (hypotenuse) of a right triangle from the two shorter sides.
- Distance between two pointsFind how far apart two points are on a graph, using the distance formula.
- Find the midpoint of a segmentAverage the x values and the y values of two points to find the point halfway between them.
- Find the slope of a lineWork out rise over run between two points, such as (2, 1) and (6, 4).
- Area of a circleUse A = πr² to find the area of a circle with radius 5.
- Area of a triangleFind a triangle area from base and height, or from three side lengths with Heron's formula.
- Volume of a cylinderUse V = πr²h for a cylinder with radius 3 and height 10.
- Volume of a sphereUse V = (4/3)πr³ for a sphere with radius 6.
- Volume of a coneUse V = (1/3)πr²h for a cone with radius 3 and height 7.
- Surface area of a boxAdd the area of all six faces of a rectangular box (8 by 5 by 3).
- Angles in a polygonFind the sum of the inside angles and the size of each angle in a regular polygon.
- Degrees, minutes and secondsConvert an angle between decimal degrees (35.5125) and degrees-minutes-seconds (35°30'45").
- Set degrees or radiansTell the calculator whether angles are measured in degrees or radians before you use sin, cos or tan.
- Find sine, cosine and tangentGet sin, cos or tan of an angle, here sin 50, cos 50 and tan 50 in degrees.
- Find an angle from a ratioUse the inverse trig functions (sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, tan⁻¹) to turn a ratio back into an angle.
- Convert between degrees and radiansChange an angle from degrees to radians and back with the calculator.
- Solve a right triangleFind a missing side from the hypotenuse and an angle, and a missing angle from two sides.
- Use the law of sinesFind a side of any triangle when you know the opposite angle of another side and its length.
- Use the law of cosinesFind the third side of a triangle when you know two sides and the angle between them.
- Graph a sine wavePlot y = sin(x) in a trig-friendly window and find its peak at x = π ÷ 2.
- Secant, cosecant and cotangentGet sec, csc and cot by taking the reciprocal of cos, sin and tan.
- Convert between polar and rectangularTurn a point (x, y) into a distance r and an angle θ.
- Check unit circle valuesFind the exact values of sin, cos and tan at 30, 45 and 60 degrees.
- Graph a functionType an equation such as y = x² − 4 and draw its graph, then check a point on it.
- Set the graph windowChoose the x and y ranges that the graph screen shows.
- Zoom in and out of a graphUse the zoom tools to magnify a graph or bring back a standard view.
- Trace a graphMove a cursor along a curve to read its x and y values, or jump straight to a chosen x.
- Make a table of valuesList x and f(x) side by side for a function, starting wherever you like.
- Find where two graphs meetFind the point where two curves cross, such as y = x² and y = x + 2.
- Find the zeros (roots) of a graphFind where a curve crosses the x-axis. The example is y = x² − 4, with zeros at x = -2 and x = 2.
- Find a maximum or minimumFind the lowest or highest point of a curve, such as the vertex of y = x² − 2x.
- Work with logarithmsFind log base 10 of a number and undo it with 10 to a power.
- Natural logs and the number eUse ln and eˣ, the natural log and its inverse, based on e ≈ 2.71828.
- Logarithm with any baseFind a log such as log base 2 of 20 by dividing two natural logs.
- Exponential growthFind what a quantity grows to at a fixed percentage rate, and how long it takes to double.
- Complex numbersMultiply complex numbers like (3 + 4i)(1 − 2i) and find a size (modulus) such as |3 + 4i|.
- Enter and multiply matricesStore the matrix [[1, 2], [3, 4]] and multiply it by itself.
- Matrix determinant and inverseFind the determinant and inverse of [[1, 2], [3, 4]].
- Sum a sequence or seriesAdd up the first terms of a sequence, such as 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 19, which comes to 100.
- Graph parametric equationsDraw a curve from x(t) and y(t), such as a circle from cos t and sin t.
- Graph polar equationsDraw curves given as r in terms of θ, such as the three-petal rose r = 2 sin(3θ).
- Find the slope of a function at a pointGet the derivative of a function at one x value as a decimal, using the built-in derivative function.
- Find a definite integralWork out the integral of a function between two x values and get a number.
- Shade the area under a graphDraw a curve and let the graph tools find and shade the area between it and the x-axis.
- Read the slope from a graphGraph a function and move to a point to see dy/dx, the slope of the curve there.
- Find a limitSee what value a function approaches as x gets close to a number, exactly or by testing nearby values.
- Solve an equation numericallyFind a root of any equation by giving a starting guess and letting the calculator home in on the answer.
- Find the equation of a tangent lineUse the derivative to get the slope at a point, then build the line y = m(x − a) + f(a).
- Add up a series (sigma notation)Find the sum of an expression as the counter runs from a start to an end value.
- Enter data into a listType a set of numbers into a list so you can summarise, plot or fit them.
- Find the mean and spread of one listGet the count, sum, mean and standard deviation of a list of numbers in one go.
- Summarise paired data (x and y)Get the means, spreads and cross-product sum for two lists of numbers that go together.
- Fit a straight line to dataFind the least-squares line y = ax + b that best matches a set of points.
- Fit a parabola to dataFind the curve y = ax² + bx + c that best matches points that bend.
- Fit an exponential curve to dataFind y = a·b^x for data that grows or shrinks by a steady factor.
- Measure how strongly two lists are relatedFind the correlation coefficient r, which runs from -1 (perfect downhill) to +1 (perfect uphill).
- Find the mean, median and modeWork out the average (mean), the middle value (median) and the most common value (mode) of a list.
- Find the standard deviationMeasure how spread out a list is, using the sample or the population formula.
- Use frequencies (how many times each value occurs)Enter each value once with a count beside it instead of typing it over and over.
- Find a probability on a normal curveWork out the chance that a normally distributed value lands between two numbers.
- Find the value for a given percentileGo backwards from an area on the normal curve to the number that cuts it off.
- Binomial probabilitiesFind the chance of getting exactly a certain number of successes in a fixed number of tries.
- Poisson probabilitiesFind the chance of a certain number of events in a fixed time or space, given their average rate.
- Generate random numbersGet a random decimal between 0 and 1, or a random whole number in a range such as a dice roll.
- Count arrangements and selections (nPr and nCr)Count how many ways to arrange or choose items from a group.
- Calculate a factorialMultiply a whole number by every whole number below it, such as 6! = 720.
- Draw a scatter plotPlot paired data as dots so you can see whether a pattern is there.
- Sort a list from smallest to largestPut the numbers in a list in order, which makes the median and mode easy to spot.
- Find a weighted meanAverage values when some count for more than others, such as graded work with different weights.
- Simple interestInterest on a fixed amount that does not itself earn interest: I = P × r × t.
- Compound interestGrowth where interest is added to the balance and then earns interest itself.
- Percent change between two numbersFind how much a value rose or fell, as a percentage of where it started.
- Convert a nominal rate to an effective rateFind the real yearly rate when interest is added more than once a year.
- Profit margin and markupFind margin as a share of the selling price, from cost and price.
- Enter very big and very small numbersType numbers like 6.022 × 10²³ with the exponent key and read answers shown in scientific notation.
- Show answers in engineering notationDisplay results with powers of ten that are multiples of three, like 47 × 10³ for 47 kilo-units.
- Round an answer to significant figuresShow a result with the right number of significant figures, and see how to count them.
- Use a physical constant in a formulaEnter constants such as the speed of light correctly, store them for reuse, and see them in the Units lab.
- Convert between unitsChange miles per hour to metres per second (or any unit) by multiplying by conversion factors.
- Calculate molar massAdd up the atomic masses of every atom in a formula, like glucose C₆H₁₂O₆, to get grams per mole.
- Use the ideal gas lawFind the volume of a gas from PV = nRT, with moles, temperature and pressure.
- Solve a constant-acceleration motion problemUse s = ut + ½at² and v² = u² + 2as to find distance and final speed.
- Calculate pH and hydrogen-ion concentrationUse the log key for pH = -log[H⁺] and the 10ˣ key to go back from pH to concentration.
- Work out radioactive decay with half-lifeFind how much of a sample is left after some time, using N = N₀ × (1/2)^(t/T).
- Use Ohm's law and parallel resistorsFind the combined resistance of two resistors in parallel and then the current from V = IR.
- Calculate kinetic and potential energyFind kinetic energy with ½mv² and gravitational potential energy with mgh.
- Create your first program with NEWMake a program called HELLO that shows a message, then run it from the EXEC tab.
- Ask for numbers with Prompt and InputWrite programs that ask for values while they run and then Disp a result.
- Repeat steps with a For loopAdd the whole numbers from 1 to 100 with For( and End, and show the total 5050.
- Make decisions with If, Then and ElseWrite a program that tells you whether a number is negative, using If, Then, Else and End.
- Menus and key presses: Menu( and getKeyLet the user pick from a menu with Menu( and Lbl, or react to single key presses with a getKey loop.